Umbilical cord - Normal histology
Hello everyone, how are you all? Its been so many days that i haven't posted because i was quite busy. Today i came up with something which is very important to learn and that is normal histology of umbilical cord.
We all know that when we baby was the umbilical cord will be there which was connected to mother and is cut. So basically i want to tell that in pregnant women placenta will be there and umbilical will arises and it will get connected with baby. Through umbilical cord only everything like nutrition, blood supply, oxygen etc is transported or transferred to baby from mother. When pregnant woman give birth then the baby will come out with attached umbilical cord and the umbilical cord which was connected to mother is cut down by using sterilised scissors after allowing enough amount of transfer of blood happens from mother to baby through this umbilical and its is about 60 seconds. Then the placenta was removed from the uterus and is sent for histopathological examination to pathology department. So finally we will receive placenta and after we getting placenta, we will weight placenta and then we will do measurements and then the umbilical cord length is measured and most important thing is number of vessels in umbilical cord. The number of umbilical cord vessels should be 3 and if more than or less than it then its abnormal. We have to know what are those vessels. Normally 2 umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein should be there. This is gross findings. What about histopathological findings? This is confirmative and final diagnosis.
Histological image
Gross Image
Placenta with umbilical cord
Umbilical cord normally has 3 vessels - 2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein.
The umbilical arteries will have thickened muscular wall(tunica media) and umbilical vein has thin muscular wall(tunica media).
The lumen will be narrow, slit like in umbilical artery and wide and round in umbilical vein.
I hope you understood it, i will come with umbilical membranes and placenta histology in next posts.
References
- Histology for Pathologists, 5e
Stacey E. Mills
Thanks for reading,
With regards,
Thanks for this short but interesting piece. I didn't know that a time interval needs to be observed before cutting off the umbilical cord after delivery. Also, we don't send the placenta anywhere here. It is usually given to family members (usually the husband) of the mother to go dispose of it however they like.
Yes @gentleshaid and it is called delayed umbilical cord clamping and it is recommended by both WHO and ACOG. I forgot the exact time that we have to allow blood to transfer through and its about 1 minute. It has so many advantages and benefits to newborn for that you can read below articles that i shared.
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/12/delayed-umbilical-cord-clamping-after-birth
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310514/
Instead of throwing and burying it you can use it for education purpose for studying normal histology and there are many conditions related placenta are there - Hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, choriongoma etc...
Thanks for the insight. I'm more educated about it now.
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I remember when my lecturer was teaching this in class, thank you for refreshing my memory
Thank you!