Tᕼᕮ ᕮᑌᖇOᑭᕮ TᕼᗩT Oᖇᗯᕮᒪᒪ ᖴOᖇᕮSᗩᗯ (1984)
𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 ‘𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠’, 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 𝑎 𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑠. 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐽𝑜ℎ𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝟷𝟿𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑦, 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑛 ‘𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑡’ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑦 ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡. 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙, 𝑛𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠.
𝐸𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑠𝑦𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎, 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑓𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑤𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑘, 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑤𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦. 𝐼𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑓𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠, 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑠. 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑦 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝑧𝑖𝑠𝑚, 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑜 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑦, 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑐.
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑜𝑓 ‘𝑃𝑠𝑖-𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒’, 𝑤𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑘 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠. 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙; ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑦.
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒
𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ‘𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒’. 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦, 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐. 𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒, 𝑎𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒, 𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑢𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡. 𝐻𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑦: 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 - 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠, 𝑖𝑓 𝑖𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠, 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 - 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠.
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑡. 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟-𝑔𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑟𝑎, 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙. 𝐻𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟, 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡, 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒, 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒: 𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 ‘𝑏𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑛’ 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠. 𝐵𝑢𝑡, 𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑠, 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒. 𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠.
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑦𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠
𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ‘𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠’. 𝑈𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 (𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒, 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦), 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠. 𝑇𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡. 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠, 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑚.
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝟷𝟿𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑦, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑂𝑡𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑛 𝐵𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡. 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝑧𝑖𝑠𝑚, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡. 𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜-𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔. 𝐻𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 ‘𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠’ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑦: 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑛𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠.
𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 ‘𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙’ 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙. 𝑈𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦, 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒. 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝐺𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑂𝑟𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙'𝑠 𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝟷𝟿𝟾𝟺, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟.
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑤𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑦 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 𝐺𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑈𝐾. 𝑃𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑤𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑑 ‘𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡’. 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦: 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑒.
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑤𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝 𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠. 𝑀𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑒𝑠, 𝑖𝑙𝑙-𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦. 𝑂𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦.
𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑥𝑒𝑙 𝐾𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑀𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑤𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑓𝑡, 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ‘𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑’. 𝑂𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠.
Dedicɑted to ɑll those poets who contɾibute, dɑγ bγ dɑγ, to mɑke ouɾ plɑnet ɑ betteɾ woɾld.
Here in Venezuela, as you know, we live day by day. I guess we are becoming depressed. At the university, nothing is said about the outside world and I value what I have found in HIVE, as a means of communication.
@amigoponc, I'm refunding 0.056 HIVE and 0.000 HBD, because there are no comments to reward.